Implementation is solely handled by the filesystem and demands only minor change of the error correction coding (ECC) module inside HDDs. This article presents a software-centric design framework to realize data-adaptive system-assisted bit cost reduction for data center HDDs. Nevertheless, different capacity and random IOPS requirements may demand different raw HDD reliability vs. bit cost trade-offs and hence different forms of system-assisted bit cost reduction. To better utilize both capacity and random IOPS of HDDs, it is desirable to mix data with complementary requirements on capacity and random IOPS in each HDD. This is called system-assisted HDD bit cost reduction. Its underlying principle is simple: Assume one may noticeably reduce the HDD manufacturing cost by significantly (i.e., at least several orders of magnitude) relaxing raw HDD reliability, which ensures the eventual data storage integrity via low-cost system-level redundancy. This article presents a design framework aiming to reduce mass data storage cost in data centers.
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